AP Computer Science Principles · Unit 4 · Variables & Data
Programming & Modeling: every key term you need (+ practice quiz)
20 flashcard terms for AP Computer Science Principles Unit 4, written to match the course framework. Study them here, then drill them as interactive flashcards, or test yourself with the 5-question quiz — free, no account needed.
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Big Data Massive datasets requiring specialized tools to store, process, and analyze.
Database Organized collection of structured data; relational databases use tables with rows and columns.
SQL Structured Query Language for querying and manipulating databases; SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
Query Request for specific data from database; returns subset matching criteria.
Index Data structure accelerating database queries; organized reference to rows.
Data Cleaning Removing errors, inconsistencies, duplicates from datasets before analysis.
Data Visualization Graphical representation of data; charts, graphs, maps making patterns visible.
Metadata Data about data; information describing content, format, source of a dataset.
Analysis Examining data to identify patterns, relationships, trends, and insights.
Correlation Statistical measure of relationship between variables; doesn't imply causation.
Causation Direct cause-and-effect relationship; requires controlled experiments, not just correlation.
Bias Systematic error or prejudice in data collection, analysis, or interpretation.
Sampling Selecting subset of population for study; sample should represent population.
Margin of Error Range indicating uncertainty in statistical estimates; expressed as ±%.
Machine Learning Algorithms learning patterns from data and making predictions without explicit programming.
Algorithm Bias Discriminatory outcomes from algorithms trained on biased data or flawed logic.
Privacy Protection of personal information; data should only be used as intended and authorized.
Encryption Protecting sensitive data; ensures only authorized access.
Data Governance Policies and procedures for data management, security, and ethical use.
IP Address Spoofing Disguising data origin by falsifying source IP address.
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