AP Physics 2 · Unit 2
Thermodynamics: every key term you need
12 flashcard terms for AP Physics 2 Unit 2, written to match the course framework. Study them here, then drill them as interactive flashcards — free, no account needed.
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Thermodynamics Study of heat, temperature, energy. First law: energy conserved. Second law: entropy increases.
Temperature vs Heat Temperature: measure of kinetic energy of particles (K or °C). Heat: energy transferred due to temperature difference.
Heat Capacity Energy needed to raise temperature by 1°C. Q = mcΔT where c = specific heat. Varies by material.
Phase Changes Solid→liquid (melting), liquid→gas (vaporization). Require latent heat; temperature constant during change.
Thermal Equilibrium Heat flows from hot to cold until temperatures equal. No net heat flow at equilibrium.
First Law of Thermodynamics ΔU = Q - W. Change internal energy = heat added - work done by system. Energy conserved.
Work in Thermodynamics W = PΔV. Work done by gas expanding against external pressure. Expansion (positive V) = positive work.
Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT where n = moles, R = constant, T = absolute temperature (K). Relates pressure, volume, temperature.
Isothermal Process Constant temperature; ΔU = 0. Q = W. Example: slow expansion/compression.
Adiabatic Process No heat exchange (Q=0); ΔU = -W. Rapid compression/expansion. Temperature changes without heat.
Entropy Measure of disorder; increases in spontaneous processes. Second law: total entropy increases (universe becomes more disordered).
Unit 2 Summary Heat transfers energy. First law conserves total energy. Phase changes occur at constant temperature. Entropy increases.
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