AP Psychology · Unit 9
Intelligence: every key term you need (+ practice quiz)
20 flashcard terms for AP Psychology Unit 9, written to match the course framework. Study them here, then drill them as interactive flashcards, or test yourself with the 5-question quiz — free, no account needed.
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Intelligence Cognitive ability to learn, reason, and solve problems; measured by IQ tests; varies by culture and context.
IQ (Intelligence Quotient) Standardized score (mean 100, SD 15) measuring cognitive ability; calculated as mental age/chronological age × 100.
g factor General intelligence factor proposed by Spearman; single underlying ability underlying all cognitive tasks.
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory of 8 types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic.
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory Intelligence comprises analytical (problem-solving), creative (novel solutions), and practical (real-world adaptation).
Flynn Effect Steady increase in IQ scores over generations; attributed to better nutrition, education, environmental complexity.
Test Validity Does test measure what it claims to measure? Content, construct, and criterion validity ensure accuracy.
Reliability Consistency of test results; test-retest reliability checks stability; internal consistency checks item coherence.
Standardization Test administered same way to everyone; allows meaningful comparison; uses norms to interpret scores.
Personality Stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; trait-based (Big Five) or type-based (Myers-Briggs).
Big Five Traits Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism; most empirically supported model.
OCEAN acronym Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism; Big Five personality dimensions.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality assessment based on Jungian types; 16 types from 4 dichotomies; popular but less scientifically supported.
Trait Stable characteristic affecting behavior across situations; measurable on continuum; basis of trait theory.
Temperament Innate disposition toward certain emotional and behavioral patterns; genetic basis; foundation for personality.
Heritability Proportion of trait variation due to genetic differences; 0% = environment only, 100% = genetics only.
Nature vs Nurture Debate over genetic (nature) vs environmental (nurture) influences on behavior and traits.
Self-efficacy Belief in ability to succeed in specific situations; influences motivation and performance; developed through experience.
Locus of Control Belief about control over outcomes: internal (personal control) vs external (fate/luck).
Assessment Process of gathering information about person's abilities, personality, or psychological state through tests or interviews.
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