AP English Language & Composition · Unit 2 · Exigence, kairos, constraint; situational rhetoric; cultural context
Author's Purpose & Context: every key term you need
11 flashcard terms for AP English Language & Composition Unit 2, written to match the course framework. Study them here, then drill them as interactive flashcards — free, no account needed.
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Argument Structure Claim + evidence + reasoning. Claim: assertion. Evidence: support (facts, examples). Reasoning: explains connection.
Types of Claims Fact (provable), value (subjective, moral), policy (should/shouldn't). Different types need different proof.
Concession & Refutation Concession: acknowledge opposing view's validity. Refutation: explain why it's wrong/weak. Shows sophisticated argument.
Logical Fallacies Ad hominem: attack person. Straw man: misrepresent argument. Appeal to authority: unqualified expert. Hasty generalization: insufficient evidence.
Evidence Types Facts/statistics (objective), examples (illustrative), expert testimony (credible source), personal anecdote (relatable but limited).
Qualifying Claims Words like 'some', 'most', 'often', 'arguably' weaken claim but make it defensible. Absolute claims (always, never) harder to support.
Inductive vs Deductive Inductive: specific examples → general conclusion. Deductive: general principle → specific application. Both valid if premises sound.
Cause & Effect Argues X causes Y. Need to show: correlation, mechanism, temporal order, no alternative causes.
Comparison & Contrast Show similarities (comparison) or differences (contrast). Useful for arguing one option better than another.
Counterargument Present opposing view fairly, then refute. Strengthens argument by showing awareness of opposition.
Unit 2 Summary Argument = claim + evidence + reasoning. Evidence types: facts, examples, testimony. Address counterarguments to strengthen persuasion.
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